c180.
(15) Sanctions. Original: “5. Graduated sanctions: Appropriators who violate operational rules are likely to receive graduated sanctions (depending on the seriousness and context of the offence) from other appropriators, from officials accountable to these appropriators, or from both.” Ostrom (1990), pp 90 and 94–100, and Ostrom “Reformulating the Commons”, pp 29–31.