a7.
Aristotle discusses accent in (c.350 BC), On Sophistical Refutations, 166 b. Exceptions to the rule that the meaning of individual English words is unaffected by emphasis include “incense” vs. “incense” (pointed out by Charles Leonard Hamblin (1970), Fallacies, p 24). Written English also fails to distinguish between “I read quickly” (past tense) and “I read quickly” (present tense), but that is a quirk of spelling. Hamblin (p 25), and Christopher Tindale (2007), Fallacies and Argument Appraisal, conclude that accent does not merit serious consideration as a fallacy, since not only did Aristotle not consider it in a sense that applies to English, but those modern writers who do include it “have difficulty in finding plausible examples” (Tindale, pp 57–58).