a9.
See Frans H. van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst (1992), Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies, pp 137–140 and 212; Douglas N. Walton (1995), A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy, pp 36–40 and 212–217, and Charles Leonard Hamblin (1970), Fallacies, pp 41–42 and 160–164.