d24.
For a discussion of the welfare state as a factor in this, see Theodore Dalrymple (2005), Our Culture, What’s Left of It, chapter 1, “The Frivolity of Evil”. For a challenge to the idea that the welfare state has a demoralising effect, see Nicolai Gentchev, “The Myth of Welfare Dependency”, 1995, available at http://tinyurl.com/qj9k7a6 .