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David Fleming
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The internet’s reliance on a relatively small number of hubs—and the implications of this for its ability to cope with breakdown—was pointed out in 2002, as reported, for instance, in Bobbie Johnson, “Web Providers Must Limit Internet’s Carbon Footprint, Say Experts”, The Guardian, 3 May 2009. It is discussed in more detail in Barabási (2002), chapter 11. For additional references on this fast-moving subject, look for “critical infrastructure”, such as Ted G. Lewis (2006), Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security: Defending a Networked Nation, Wiley-Blackwell; and the series Critical Infrastructure Protection, US Congressional Sales Office. The source for computers accounting for 2 percent of carbon emissions is Phil McKenna, “Can We Stop the Internet Destroying our Planet?”, New Scientist, 2637, 3 January 2008 (citing a report from UK charity Global Action Plan). For the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the internet, see, e.g., Professor Jaafar Elmirghani’s ongoing projects and research at Leeds University, or Duncan Clark and Mike Berners-Lee, “What’s the carbon footprint of . . . the internet”, The Guardian, 12 August 2010.

David Fleming
Dr David Fleming (2 January 1940 – 29 November 2010) was a cultural historian and economist, based in London, England. He was among the first to reveal the possibility of peak oil's approach and invented the influential TEQs scheme, designed to address this and climate change. He was also a pioneer of post-growth economics, and a significant figure in the development of the UK Green Party, the Transition Towns movement and the New Economics Foundation, as well as a Chairman of the Soil Association. His wide-ranging independent analysis culminated in two critically acclaimed books, 'Lean Logic' and 'Surviving the Future', published posthumously in 2016. These in turn inspired the 2020 launches of both BAFTA-winning director Peter Armstrong's feature film about Fleming's perspective and legacy - 'The Sequel: What Will Follow Our Troubled Civilisation?' - and Sterling College's unique 'Surviving the Future: Conversations for Our Time' online courses. For more information on all of the above, including Lean Logic, click the little globe below!

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